Data Book 10

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DEFINITIONS

Bark Pocket: A bark-filled blemish in the board.

Bird Peck: A patch of distorted grain resulting from birds pecking through the growing cells in the tree and sometimes containing a whole and/or bark.

Boxed Heart: The term used when the pith falls entirely within the four faces of a piece of wood anywhere in its length.

Burl: A burl is a swirl or twist in the grain of the wood which usually occurs near a knot but does not contain a knot. Those containing sound centers are admitted in the cuttings except when otherwise specified.

Check: A lengthwise separation of the wood that usually extends across the rings of annual growth and commonly results from stresses set up in wood during seasoning

Compression Wood: Abnormal wood that forms on the under side of leaning and crooked coniferous trees.

Cup: A distortion of a board in which there is a deviation flatwise from a straight line across the board.

Equilibrium Moisture Content (ECM): Under constant conditions of temperature and humidity, wood is neither gaining nor losing moisture.

Decay: The decomposition of wood substance by fungi. ROT & DOTE means the same.

Insipient Decay: The early stage of decay that has not proceeded far enough to soften or otherwise perceptibly impair the hardness of the wood. It is usually accompanied by a slight discoloration or bleaching of the wood.

Green: Freshly sawn lumber that has received intentional drying; unseasoned.

Heart: Inner core of tree trunk the annual rings containing nonliving elements. In some species, heartwood has a prominent color different from sapwood.

Heartwood: The wood extending from the pith to the sapwood, the cells of which no longer participate in the life processes of the tree.

Knots: A portion of a branch or limb that has become incorporated in a piece of lumber.

Moisture Content: The weight of the water in wood expressed in percentage of the weight of the oven-dry wood.

PECK: Channeled or pitted area or pocket. Wood tissues between pecky areas remain unaffected. Peckiness occurs only while the tree is alive.

Pith: The small soft core occurring in the structural center of the log.

Pocket: A well defined opening between the rings of annual growth which develops during the growth of the tree.

Sapwood: The living wood of pale color near the outside of the log.

Seasoning (Air-Dried): Dried by exposure to air, usually in a yard without artificial heat.

Seasoning (Kiln-Dried): Dried in a kiln with the use of artificial heat.

Shake: A separation along the grain, the greater part of which occurs between the rings of annual growth.

Side bend: A distortion of a board in which there is a deviation edgewise from a straight line from end to end of the board.

Slope of the grain: Is the deviation of the wood fiber from a line parallel to the edges.

Sound Knot: A knot that is solid across its face, as hard as the surrounding wood, and shows no indication of decay.

Split: A lengthwise separation of the wood due to tearing apart of wood cells.

Wane: Is the presence of Bark or absence of wood on corners of a piece of lumber.

Warp: Warp is any variation from a true or plane surface. Warp includes bow, crook, cup, and twist, or any combination thereof.

LUMBER ABBREVIATIONS

"Deep Swamp Cypress" Data Book

	[ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] DEFINITIONS Bark Pocket: A bark-filled blemish in the board. Bird Peck: A patch of distorted grain resulting from birds pecking through the growing cells in the tree and sometimes containing a whole and/or bark. Boxed Heart: The term used when the pith falls entirely within the four faces of a piece of wood anywhere in its length. Burl: A burl is a swirl or twist in the grain of the wood which usually occurs near a knot but does not contain a knot. Those containing sound centers are admitted in the cuttings except when otherwise specified. Check: A lengthwise separation of the wood that usually extends across the rings of annual growth and commonly results from stresses set up in wood during seasoning Compression Wood: Abnormal wood that forms on the under side of leaning and crooked coniferous trees. Cup: A distortion of a board in which there is a deviation flatwise from a straight line across the board. Equilibrium Moisture Content (ECM): Under constant conditions of temperature and humidity, wood is neither gaining nor losing moisture. Decay: The decomposition of wood substance by fungi. ROT & DOTE means the same. Insipient Decay: The early stage of decay that has not proceeded far enough to soften or otherwise perceptibly impair the hardness of the wood. It is usually accompanied by a slight discoloration or bleaching of the wood. Green: Freshly sawn lumber that has received intentional drying; unseasoned. Heart: Inner core of tree trunk the annual rings containing nonliving elements. In some species, heartwood has a prominent color different from sapwood. Heartwood: The wood extending from the pith to the sapwood, the cells of which no longer participate in the life processes of the tree. Knots: A portion of a branch or limb that has become incorporated in a piece of lumber. Moisture Content: The weight of the water in wood expressed in percentage of the weight of the oven-dry wood. PECK: Channeled or pitted area or pocket. Wood tissues between pecky areas remain unaffected. Peckiness occurs only while the tree is alive. Pith: The small soft core occurring in the structural center of the log. Pocket: A well defined opening between the rings of annual growth which develops during the growth of the tree. Sapwood: The living wood of pale color near the outside of the log. Seasoning (Air-Dried): Dried by exposure to air, usually in a yard without artificial heat. Seasoning (Kiln-Dried): Dried in a kiln with the use of artificial heat. Shake: A separation along the grain, the greater part of which occurs between the rings of annual growth. Side bend: A distortion of a board in which there is a deviation edgewise from a straight line from end to end of the board. Slope of the grain: Is the deviation of the wood fiber from a line parallel to the edges. Sound Knot: A knot that is solid across its face, as hard as the surrounding wood, and shows no indication of decay. Split: A lengthwise separation of the wood due to tearing apart of wood cells. Wane: Is the presence of Bark or absence of wood on corners of a piece of lumber. Warp: Warp is any variation from a true or plane surface. Warp includes bow, crook, cup, and twist, or any combination thereof. LUMBER ABBREVIATIONS AD Air-dried ALS American Lumber Standards AST Anti-stain treated BD Board BD.Ft Board feet BH Boxed Heart B.M. Board Measure BEV Bevel or Beveled CLG Ceiling CLR Clear CM Center Matched COM Common DET Double end trimmed DIM Dimension DKG Decking DNS Dense DS Drop Siding (also D/S) FBM Feet Board Measure FG Flat Grain(slash) FLG Flooring FOHC Free of Heart Centers FRT Freight FT Foot or Feet GM Grade Marked HB Hollow Back HRT Heart H&M Hit and Miss HORM Hit or Miss IN. Inch or Inches IND Industrial KD Kiln Dried LBR Lumber LCL Less Than Carload LFT Linear Foot or Feet LIN Lineal MBM Thousand (Feet) Board Measure PAT Pattern PCS Pieces RGH Rough R/L Random Lengths RES Resawn SDG Siding STD Standard STD Lengths Standard Lengths SSDN Sap Stain No Defect S&E Side and Edge(Surfaced On) S1E Surfaced On One Edge S2E Surfaced On Two Edges S1S Surfaced On One Side S2S Surfaced On Two Sides S1S1E Surfaced On One Side and One Edge S1S2E Surfaced On One Side and Two Edges S2S1E Surfaced On Two Sides and One Edge S2S&CM Surfaced on Two Sides and Center Matched S2S&SL Surfaced on Two Sides and Shiplapped S2&SM Surfaced on Two Sides and Standard Matched S4S Surfaced on Four Sides T&G Tongued and Grooved [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ]